“Have you guys covered exponents yet?”

You're tutoring a middle school student in math. You want to know whether the student's teacher has taught a topic. You ask:

Have you guys covered exponents yet?

you guys

You can use "you guys" to talk about a group of people. In the example above, the speaker means the child's class.

English has a problem because "you" is used for both one person and a group of people. It can be confusing. To fix this, people in different regions use different words to talk to a group. In Southern areas of the U.S., some people say "y'all":

Have y'all covered exponents yet?

People in other areas of the country think this sounds really dumb, though.

"You guys" is popular on the West coast and is popular with young people.

cover (something)

In a class, you "cover" different topics. That means that the teacher teaches them.

In a meeting, you "cover" items that need to be discussed.

News reporters also "cover" news stories.

In all of these cases, "covering" something means discussing things that are on a list of things to talk about.

exponents

Exponents are a topic in mathematics.

An exponent is something like 2² or 3⁵ or 10^x. You multiply the big number by itself the number of times shown in the small number (the exponent):

3⁵ = 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3

When you're reading an exponent out loud, you say:

"Two squared" (2²)

"Eight cubed" (8³)

"X to the Y power" (x^y)