(someone) is the kind of (person) who (does something)

This is a useful way of describing someone:

He's the kind of guy who will do anything to help out a friend.

I'm the kind of person who never wants to make a decision until the very last moment.

give up

To "give up" means to quit something. "Giving up" is usually a bad thing, so we often tell people not to do it:

Don't give up! Keep going.

If someone "gives up", they seem weak and undisciplined.

You can also use the phrase "give up on (something)":

What made you give up on your art career?

One way to use "give up" that doesn't sound negative is "give up (a bad habit)":

I'm trying to convince him to give up smoking.

I gave up sugar a few months ago.

In these situations, "giving something up" is a good thing.

no matter what (happens)

Something that happens "no matter what" is always the same in every situation.

You can use "no matter what" at the beginning of a sentence:

No matter what I do, I can't seem to find a job.

Or at the end of a sentence:

I'll always love you, no matter what you say or do.

Most of the time, we put "no matter what" at the beginning of a sentence when we're talking about something negative and at the end of a sentence when we're saying something positive.

(something) gets thrown at (someone)

Things that "get thrown at you" are unexpected problems. You can use this phrase to describe how you handle or deal with difficult challenges that you experience.

You have to be able to handle any situation that gets thrown at you.

Sometimes stuff gets thrown at you, and you just have to deal with it.