“I lost a substantial amount of money.”
You owned a lot of stocks, but when the economy started to suffer, you lost a lot of your money. Now you're talking with a friend about the economy at that time. You say:
I lost a substantial amount of money.
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(someone) lost money
You "lose money" when you invest in something, like stocks or businesses, that then become less valuable:
At one point, he had more than 100 million dollars, but he lost it all through bad investments and poor management.
You can also "lose money" by gambling.
a substantial amount of money
The word "substantial" means something between "some" and "a lot". For example, if someone says they lost "a substantial amount of money", that probably means 10% or more of their wealth. Another example:
I earned a substantial amount of money as a teenager through buying and selling comic books at different trade shows and conventions.
Here are some other things that you can have "a substantial amount of":